A organização da violência militar no século 21
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35305/prohistoria.vi35.1413Palavras-chave:
Coerción, Ideología, Solidaridad Grupal, Poder Organizativo, Violencia Militar, GuerraResumo
O artigo analisa as bases sociológicas da violência militar no século XXI. Na primeira parte, são debatidas criticamente as três abordagens contemporâneas dominantes na explicação da violência organizada: a) a perspectiva do declínio da violência, b) a abordagem das “novas guerras” ec) a abordagem do deslocamento tecnológico . Argumenta-se que, apesar de suas forças indiscutíveis, essas perspectivas não fornecem uma interpretação adequada das mudanças sociais contemporâneas. Em particular, questiona-se sua ênfase na ruptura radical do caráter da violência militar contemporânea em comparação com outros períodos históricos. Na segunda parte, o artigo desenvolve uma visão alternativa, sociológica e de longo prazo, focada no papel dos poderes coercitivos, ideológicos e microinterativos na transformação da violência militar. Em oposição às três perspectivas dominantes, argumenta-se que a violência organizada no século 21 foi transformada, mas exibe ainda mais continuidade com os últimos três séculos do que se supõe. Especificamente, o impacto de longo prazo de três processos históricos que moldaram a dinâmica da violência militar é enfatizado: a burocratização cumulativa da coerção, a ideologização centrífuga e o envolvimento da micro-solidariedade.
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