La organización de la violencia militar en el siglo XXI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35305/prohistoria.vi35.1413Palabras clave:
Coerción, Ideología, Solidaridad Grupal, Poder Organizativo, Violencia Militar, GuerraResumen
El artículo analiza las bases sociológicas de la violencia militar en el siglo XXI. En la primera parte, se debaten críticamente los tres enfoques contemporáneos que son dominantes en la explicación de la violencia organizada: a) la perspectiva del declive de la violencia, b) el enfoque de las “nuevas guerras” y c) la aproximación del desplazamiento tecnológico. Se sostiene que, a pesar de sus indiscutibles fortalezas, estas perspectivas no proporcionan una interpretación adecuada de los cambios sociales contemporáneos. En particular, se cuestiona su énfasis en la ruptura radical en el carácter de la violencia militar contemporánea en comparación con otros periodos históricos. En la segunda parte el artículo se desarrolla una visión alternativa, sociológica y de larga duración, centrada en el papel de los poderes coercitivos, ideológicos y micro-interactivos en la transformación de la violencia militar. En oposición a las tres perspectivas dominantes, se argumenta que la violencia organizada en el siglo XXI se ha transformado pero exhibe aún mucha más continuidad con los tres últimos siglos de lo que se viene asumiendo. Concretamente, se enfatiza el impacto a largo plazo de tres procesos históricos que han dado forma a la dinámica de la violencia militar: la burocratización acumulativa de la coerción, la ideologización centrífuga y el envolvimiento de micro-solidaridades.
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